Researchers: World's Largest Ice Sheet Risks Melting
2022-08-14
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1International scientists warn that the world's largest ice sheet in Antarctica is losing ice much more quickly than they had thought.
2A recent study by Australian and other researchers described what could happen if targets to limit global temperature increases are not met.
3Nerilie Abram is a professor at the Australian National University's Research School of Earth Sciences.
4She was a co-writer of a study that recently appeared in the publication Nature.
5She warned that the melting of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet could be disastrous.
6Abram said, "By 2500, East Antarctica could contribute up to 5 meters of sea level [rises] on top of the sea level rise that we will already have had from Greenland and West Antarctica."
7The East Antarctic Ice Sheet holds the majority of world's glacier ice.
8It was thought to be less affected by worldwide temperature rises compared to the ice sheet in West Antarctica or Greenland.
9The study by Abram and other researchers says that if the temperature rise is limited to 2 degrees Celsius, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet should remain stable.
10In other words, it should remain generally the same size.
11But the researchers warn that warmer temperatures could cause more melting and increase worldwide sea level by many meters.
12Abram said, "It gives us even more of a reason to make sure that we are doing everything that we can to not exceed that 2-degree warming level."
13The Paris Climate Agreement, signed in 2015, aims to limit global warming to under 2 degrees Celsius.
14Another Antarctica study published in Nature drew from research by scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California.
15The scientists found that the edge of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet has been losing ice faster than natural processes can replace it.
16The edges of an ice sheet are known as ice shelves.
17They extend from the ice sheet into the water.
18They are permanent floating sheets of frozen freshwater.
19Ice shelves take thousands of years to form.
20They hold back glaciers that would otherwise easily fall into the ocean and cause sea levels to rise.
21For the JPL study, the researchers examined over 50,000 kilometers of the Antarctic coastline.
22They found that the loss of ice from coastal glacier pieces breaking off into the ocean was nearly the same as the loss of ice due to thinning of the continent's large ice shelves.
23The thinning of the ice is a result of warming ocean water underneath.
24Taken together, the two processes have reduced the mass of Antarctica's ice shelves by 12 trillion metric tons since 1997.
25That is double the earlier estimate of 6 trillion metric tons.
26"Antarctica is crumbling at its edges," said JPL scientist Chad Greene, a lead writer of the study.
27Eric Wolff is a professor at the University of Cambridge in Britain.
28He said of the JPL study, "if we keep to the 2 degrees of global warming that the Paris agreement promises, the sea level rise due to the East Antarctic ice sheet should be modest."
29But, he said, failure to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, would risk "many meters of sea level rise over the next few centuries."
30I'm Ashley Thompson.
1International scientists warn that the world's largest ice sheet in Antarctica is losing ice much more quickly than they had thought. 2A recent study by Australian and other researchers described what could happen if targets to limit global temperature increases are not met. 3Nerilie Abram is a professor at the Australian National University's Research School of Earth Sciences. She was a co-writer of a study that recently appeared in the publication Nature. She warned that the melting of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet could be disastrous. 4Abram said, "By 2500, East Antarctica could contribute up to 5 meters of sea level [rises] on top of the sea level rise that we will already have had from Greenland and West Antarctica." 5The East Antarctic Ice Sheet holds the majority of world's glacier ice. It was thought to be less affected by worldwide temperature rises compared to the ice sheet in West Antarctica or Greenland. 6The study by Abram and other researchers says that if the temperature rise is limited to 2 degrees Celsius, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet should remain stable. In other words, it should remain generally the same size. But the researchers warn that warmer temperatures could cause more melting and increase worldwide sea level by many meters. 7Abram said, "It gives us even more of a reason to make sure that we are doing everything that we can to not exceed that 2-degree warming level." 8The Paris Climate Agreement, signed in 2015, aims to limit global warming to under 2 degrees Celsius. 9NASA study 10Another Antarctica study published in Nature drew from research by scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California. The scientists found that the edge of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet has been losing ice faster than natural processes can replace it. 11The edges of an ice sheet are known as ice shelves. They extend from the ice sheet into the water. They are permanent floating sheets of frozen freshwater. 12Ice shelves take thousands of years to form. They hold back glaciers that would otherwise easily fall into the ocean and cause sea levels to rise. 13For the JPL study, the researchers examined over 50,000 kilometers of the Antarctic coastline. They found that the loss of ice from coastal glacier pieces breaking off into the ocean was nearly the same as the loss of ice due to thinning of the continent's large ice shelves. The thinning of the ice is a result of warming ocean water underneath. 14Taken together, the two processes have reduced the mass of Antarctica's ice shelves by 12 trillion metric tons since 1997. That is double the earlier estimate of 6 trillion metric tons. 15"Antarctica is crumbling at its edges," said JPL scientist Chad Greene, a lead writer of the study. 16Eric Wolff is a professor at the University of Cambridge in Britain. He said of the JPL study, "if we keep to the 2 degrees of global warming that the Paris agreement promises, the sea level rise due to the East Antarctic ice sheet should be modest." 17But, he said, failure to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, would risk "many meters of sea level rise over the next few centuries." 18I'm Ashley Thompson. 19Hai Do wrote this story for Learning English with materials from VOA News and NASA's JPL. 20___________________________________________________________________ 21Words in This Story 22contribute - v. to help to cause something to happen 23stable - adj. in a good condition that is not likely to change 24glacier - n. very large area of ice that moves slowly down an area 25crumble - v. to break into small pieces 26modest - adj. not very large in size or amount